Brick-kiln



v 5 Sheets-Sheet 1. P. GONDBR.

(No Model.)

BRICK KILN. Patented'nec-5, 189s.

l .Iv l 1. -MBV Il ll l. L l NQLIII (No Moden.) 5 sheetssheet 2..

P. GONDER A l BRICK KILN. No. 509,890. Patented Deo. 5,1893.`

5 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(No Modem P. GONDER.

BRICK KILN. i

Patented Deo. 5,11893.

(No Model.) 5 Sheets- Sheet 4.

l P. GONDER.

BRICK KILN.

No. 509,890. l Patented Dec. 5,1893.

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, 5 Sheets-Sheet 5. P. GONDER. BRICK KILN.

(No Model.)

Patented Deo 5, 1893 if@ ff,

mi /z 15555,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

PHILIP GONDER, OF CANTON, OHIO.

BRICK-KILN.

SPECIFIGATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 509,890, aerea December5, 189s.

Serial No. 474,600. (No model.)

the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same,reference being had to the an- VneXed drawings, making a part of thisspecifcation, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, inWhich--` Figure 1, is a perspective view showing the location andarrangement of the kiln proper, and showing a portion of the furnacewall remoyed, for the purpose of illustrating the location andarrangement of the arches together with their different parts. Fig. 2,is a view showing the location and arrangement of the flues to belocated below the kiln floor; also showlng a portion of the kiln Hoorproperly laid and ready to receive the brick designed to be burned; alsoshowing the arrangement of the furnace grates, and the pocket-wallfoundation, together with the pocket wall properly started. Fig. 3, isavertical section of the furnace, showing the location of the pocket wallwhen properly nished, and also showing the dierent air passages,located. within the pocket wall, and within the arch. Fig. 4, is adetached View of a single arch, illustrating a portion of the furnacewall and furnace door frame properly located. Fig. 5, 1s a detached viewshowing a portion of the furnace door bar ortrack properly located and adoor properly suspended therefrom. Fig. 6, is a view showing a portionof the outer or furnace wall, showing the door frame properly locatedand also the door plate. Fig. 7, is a detached view of the furnace doorframe, and oor plate, showing the frame broken for the purpose ofillustrating the shape of the doorframe in cross section. Fig. 8, is adetached view of the furnace door plate. Fig. 9, is a detached viewshowing a portion of the furnace door frame and illustrating the innerside or portion of said frame; also showing the connecting plate or lug.Fig. l0, is a View showing the bottom or lower ends of the kiln stavesor braces, illustrating the manner of anchoring said kiln staves orbraces. Fig. 11, is a view showing a portion of the kiln wall, andillustrating a portion of one of the arches, also showing manner ofconnecting the air passages. Fig. 12, is a view, showing a portion ofthe kiln wall and one arch, and illustrating the position of the airpassages, said figure being a longitudinal section of the arch.

The present invention has relation to brick kilns, and it consists inthe dierent parts and combination of parts hereinafter described, andthe novel manner of constructing the kiln.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all thefigures of the drawings.

In the accompanying drawings A represen ts the end and side walls of thekiln proper,which, when properly constructed, form a rectangular kiln,substantially ot' the form shown in Fig. l.

The top or upper part of the kiln is covered or inclosed by the arch orcrown B, which arch or crown is constructed in the ordinary manner.

Belowthe kiln iioor proper are located a number of iiues such as a.,andare formed of sufficient width and depth to provide the desiredamount of draft.

For the purpose of distributing the draft, to the different iiueslocated and formed in the side of the kiln proper, the longitudinalpartition b, and the cross partition b. are provided, thereby providinga more direct draft to the flues hereinafter described.

For the purpose of providing a means for placing the kiln oor brick C,in such a position that they willproperly cover the lines a., and at thesaine time provide a means for aY direct communication from the interiorof the 9o kiln to theflues, the walls or partitions C are provided,which walls or partitions are located and arranged substantially asillustrated in Fig. 2.

The chimney fiues D, are startedin the foundations of the furnace orkiln walls, and communicate with the flues ct, which fluesare locatedbelow the kiln licor proper. At the bottom of the furnace or kiln wall,is located a chimney flue, upon each side of the furnaces,

IOO

as illustrated in Fig. 2, which lines are battered as they are broughtup with the kiln wall until they meet and formone flue, which isextended up and beyond the kiln wall, by means of the chimneys D. Itwill be understood that there are two lines for each chimney, therebyreducing the number of chimneys, and at the same time reducing the costof construction. Between the battered chimneyA [lues D, are located thebearing arches E, which bearingarches are located and arrangedsubstantially as illustrated in Figs. l and 4.

The. bearingarches E, are preferably formed of the same class and kindof brick, that the kiln walls proper are formed of. Below the supportingarches E, are located the furnace arches F, which furnace arches areformed of what isA known as fire brick, and as shown in Figsl and 4,said furnace arches areseparated from the supporting arches by means oftheair passages G, which air passages are for the double purpose ofproviding two separate and dist-inct arches, thereby providing a meansfor removing the furnace arches F, without disturbing in any manner thesupporting arches, thereby providing a means for renewing the furnacearches after they have been burned out,or destroyed,from any othercause. It will be understood that by providing the air passages G, thefu rnace archesF, will be permitted to expand and contractwithout'disturbing in any manner the supporting arches E, or the kilnwalls proper. The air passages G, are extended downward as illustratedin Fig. 4, thereby inclosing the entire furnace wall or be seen that thefurnace wall proper is to a certain extent a separate and distinctstructure from the balance of the kiln proper. For the purpose ofconnecting the air passages G, the main kiln wall Ais provided with theair space H, which air space H, runs longitudinally with the side wallsof the kiln; and for the purpose of connecting the walls located upontwo sides of the air passage H, a sufficient number of tie bric-ks h,are employed to properly connect the divisions of the kiln walls. Belowthe furnace arches F, and at the bottoms of the furnaces proper, arelocated thegrate bars I, which grate bars may be constructed in theordinary manner, and held in pro-per position in any convenient andwellknown manner. At the inner ends of each of the furnaces, there islocated a pocket wall J, which Wall is semicircularA in cross section,as illustrated in Fig. 2, and is built up within the kiln to within ashort distance of the heel or base of the crown or arch B. These pocketWalls are for the purpose of conducting the flame or heat to the topV orupper part of the kiln.

For the purpose of closing the inner ends of the furnace proper theshort cross walls L, are provided, which cross walls are built to such aheight that they will form a stop or back wall for the furnace grates;it being understood that said walls should not be built to a height soas to interfere with the passage of the smoke and heat, to the top orupper portion of the kiln. For the purpose of providing a pocket wallthat will permit the same to expand and contract by heat and cold,without injury, the air passage 7c, is formed in the pocket wall, whichextends about half the height of the pocket wall Vproper. The portion ofthe pocket wall J,

provided with the air passage, is formed double, and the top or upperend of the air passage communicates with the interior of the pocket wallas illustrated in Fig. 3. Along the front edges ofthe arches E and F, isbuilt a wall M, inclosing the arches proper, said wall being bestillustrated in Fig. l, a. portion of saidwall being shown in Fig. 4.WVithin the wall M, are located the door frames N, which door framesaren formed of sufficient size to provide an opening to feed fuel to thefurnace proper. These door frames N, are provided with the right angledanges h', which right angled flanges are for the purpose of protectingthe corners of the wall. At the bottom of the door proper is located thedoor plate O, which door plate is` provided with the offset h2, and thelugs h3, said lugs being for the purpose of receiving the apertures71.4, formed in the. flange h5, thereby securely uniting thebottom orlower end of the door frame, to the plaie O.

For the purpose of preventing the. side Walls A, of the kiln proper frombulging or spreading, the kiln staves or braces P, are arch F. By thisarrangement, it will readily provided, and are located upon each side ofthe kiln, substantially as illustrated in Fig.

' 1. For the purpose of securely anchoring the bottom or lower ends ofthe staves or braces P, the yokes P', are provided, which yokes areprovided with the. screw threaded ends,

`which receive the screw threaded nuts by means of which the crossbarsP2, are secu-rely held against the outer edges of the, staves or .bracesP, and thereby binding said staves or braces between the cross bars, andthe outer faces of the kiln wall proper. The yokes P', are each providedwith the arms P3, which arms` are provided upon their inner ends withthe hooks P4, said hooks being engaged with the longitudinal bar P5@ Itwill be understood that the bars P3 and P5, are to be embedded in the`kiln wall proper, thereby securely anchoring the staves or braces P. Thetop ends of the staves or braces P, are se-` curely bound together bymeans of ordinary tie rods, which extend across the top of the kilnproper, and are provided with the ordinary screw threaded collars forthe purpose of tightening the tie rods.

Each of the chimney lines D, is provided with, a damper R, which dampersare located substantially as shown in Fig. l, and are for the purposehereinafter described. From the chimney flues D, lead the cooling holesS, which cooling holes are to be covered by a IOC) hinged door orotherwise, when not in use. Aftera kiln of brick has been properlyburned, and 1t is desired to cool the kiln, the cooling holes S areopened, and the dampers R are closed, thereby permitting cold air toenter the dues D, below the closed dampers, and extending downwardthrough the chimney flues, and into the floor fines a, thence upwardthrough the kiln Iioor and the brick, and finally to escape through theproper openlng provided in the top of the crown B.

For the purpose of providing a means for easily operating the furnacedoor T, the angle bar such as T, is provided, and located substantiallyas illustrated in Fig. 1, except that said bar may be located somewhathigher than lllustrated in said ligure, if desiredg-as it will beunderstood that my improvement can be carrled out without reference toany particular location of the bar or track T. The angle bar or track T,is securely held in proper positlon by means of a number of bars such asT2, built in the wall, and the track riveted or bolted to the bars T2,substantially as illustrated in Fig. 5. The doors T, are each providedwith the arms T3, which arms extend upward and their upper ends providedwith the grooved pulleys T4, which grooved pulleys roll back and forthupon the track T.

It will be understood that by my peculiar manner of hanging the doors T,they can be easily moved back and forth and thereby provide a means foreasily opening or closing the doors.

For the purpose of preventing the grate bars I, being destroyed byexcessive heat, the water pans U are located below the grate bars I, andat the bottom of the ash pits U', as illustrated in Fig. 3. During thetime a kiln of brick is being burned, water is placed in the water pansU, thereby providing a means for gooling the bottoms or under sides ofthe grate ars.

The air passage H, extends to the top of the kiln wall proper, asillustrated in Fig. 3, and its bottom or lower end is continuedhorizontally to the outer face of the kiln wall, as illus trated in saidFig. 3, thereby permitting cold air to enter said air passage andcausing a current of' air to circulate through said passage. It will beunderstood that tie bricks should be employed at intervals along thehorizontal portion of the air passage, a sufficient number beingemployed to support the wall above said passage, and at the same time beso distributed, so as not to materiallyinterfere with the entrance ofair.

For the purpose of permitting air to enter the air passage G, the outerkiln wall or furnace wall should be set at a short distance away fromthe front faces of the arches E and F, thereby permitting air to entersaid air passages.` K

It will be understood that by providing the air passages as abovedescribed, the main kiln walls will not crack by reason of expansion orcontraction, thereby increasing the durability of the kiln walls proper.

As shown in Fig. 3, an air passage is provided which is located to oneside and below the furnace proper, which leads through the wall andconnects with the air passage located `within the pocket wall; said airpassage being designated by the letter B. The furnace wall M, located infront of the arches E and F, and provided with the cooling holes S, isone continuous wall from end to end, and above the ash pit and thefurnace openings is a solid wall, except the openings provided toreceive the staves or braces as illustrated in Fig. l. The ends of thewall M, are built solid with the kiln wall A, and the top of the wall Mis connected with the kiln wall, thereby inclosing the space between theends of the arches E and F, and at the same time leaving a space betweenthe inner faces of the wall M, and the outer faces of the arches E andF. By this arrangement, it will be` understood that the arches will bepermitted to expand and contract withoutinterfering with the wall M, orthe kiln walls A, thereby preventing the lateral strain of either thekiln walls A, or

the furnace walls M.

For the purpose of connecting the air passages G and I-I, the airpassages A' are provided, which air passages extend through the walls ofthe supporting arches E. In use I prefer to locate one of the openingsor passages A at the top of the supporting arch, and an opening uponeach side of the supporting arch; but it will be understood that theseopenings may be varied, as to location and number without departing fromthe nature of myinvention.

Having fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. The combination of a kiln, constructed substantially as described,having located below the door thereof a series of fines, and partitionsb and b', a kiln iioor located above the lines a, the arches E, and F,the air passages G, located between the arches, the pocket walls Jprovided with air passages, the chimney flues D located between thearches, and the chimneys D', leading from the flues D, substantially asand for the purpose set forth.

2. The combination of a brick kiln, of the class described, providedwith iiues below the ioors thereof, a kiln Afioor located above theground fines, theiiues D, communicating with the iues a., the arches Eand F, and separated from each other and the pocket walls J,substantially as and for the purpose specied.

3. The combination of a kiln of the class described, and provided uponthe sides thereof with arches such as E and F, separated from each otherto form an air passage G, communicating with the air passage I-I,through the air"passagcs A', substantially as and for the purposespecied.

4. The combination of the kiln such as de- IIO scribed, and providedupon the sides thereof with arches, such as E and F, the air passages G,H, and A', grates located Within the arches7 and Water pans, locatedbelow the grates, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

5. The combination of a kiln, provided with staves or braces P, theyokes P', having screw threaded ends, the cross-bars P2, the arms PS.provided with hooks, and the longitudinal

